03/05/2012
ESSENTIAL IDIOM FOR TOEFL TEST [5]
ESSENTIAL IDIOM FOR TOEFL TEST [5]. Idiom atau ungkapan adalah gabungan kata yang membentuk arti baru yang artinya tidak mudah dipahami hanya dengan memahami kata yang membentuknya. Postingan Idiom I 'Three in One" dan audionya dapat direview "here" dan Pelajaran Idiom ke-2 "here". Idiom ke-3 dapat disimak "here". Idiom sesi ke-4 dapat direview "here' . Postingan Essential IDIOM ke-5, Sebagai berikut:
LESSON 10
1. to make sure: to be sure, to ascertain (also: to make certain)
o Please make sure that you turn off the radio before you go out.
o Could you make certain of the time? I don't want to miss that TV show.
2. now and then: occasionally, sometimes (also: now and again, at times, from time to time, off and on, once in a while)
Both now and then and once in a while can be preceded by the adjective every.
Another idiom with the same meaning and form is every so often.
o I don't see him very often, but (every) now and then we arrange to have lunch together.
o Gary gets a cold (every) once in a while even though he takes good care of himself.
o Every so often my brother and I get together for a camping trip.
o I like to sleep late in the morning from time to time.
3. to get rid of: to eliminate (meniadakan), to remove; to discard, to throw away
o Jerry tried hard to get rid of the stain on his shirt, but he never succeeded.
o The stain was so bad that Jerry finally had to get rid of his shirt.
4. every other (one): every second (one), alternate (ones)
o I play tennis with my father every other Saturday, so I usually play twice a month.
o There were twenty problems in the exercise, but the teacher told us only to do every other one. Actually, doing ten problems was difficult enough.
5. to go with: to match, to compare well in color to design; to date, to accompany (also: to go out with)
For the first definition, adverbs such as well and poorly are often used.
o That striped shirt goes well with the gray pants, but the pants go poorly with those leather shoes.
o Eda went with Richard for about six months, but now she is going out with a new boyfriend.
6. first-rate: excellent, superb
o The food served in that four-star restaurant is truly first-rate.
o The Beverly Hills Hotel provides first-rate service to its guests.
7. to come from: to originate from
This idiom is commonly used in discussion of one's home town, state, or country.
o What country in South American does she come from? She comes from Peru.
o I just learned that he really comes from Florida, not Texas.
o Where did this package come from? The mail carrier brought it.
8. to make good time: to travel a sufficient distance at a reasonable speed The adjective excellent can also be used.
o On our last trip, it rained the entire time, so we didn't make good time.
o We made excellent time on our trip to Florida; it only took eighteen hours.
9. to mix up: to stir or shake well (S); to confuse, to bewilder (S)
For the second definition, the passive forms to be mixed up or to get mixed up are often used.
o You should mix up the ingredients well before you put them in the pan.
o The teacher's poor explanation really mixed the students up.
o The students think it's their fault that they are mixed up so often.
10. to see about: to give attention or time to (also: to attend to, to see to)
o Who is going to see about getting us a larger room for the meeting?
o I'll see to arranging music for the wedding of you attend to the entertainment.
11. to make out: to do, to succeed, to progress
o Charlie didn't make out very well on his final examinations. He may have to repeat one or more classes.
o How did Rachelle make out on her acting audition in Hollywood yesterday?
12. by heart: by memorizing
o He knows many passages form Shakespeare by heart.
o Do you know all the idioms you have studied in this book by heart?
LESSON 11
1. to keep out: not to enter, not allow to enter (S)
o There was a large sign outside the door that said, "Danger! Keep out!"
o I've told you to keep the dog out of the house.
2. to keep away (from): to stay at a distance (from) (S); to avoid use of (also: stay away from)
o Please be sure to keep the children away from the street!
o The signs on the burned-out house said, "Keep Away! Danger Zone."
o It's important for your health to stay away from dangerous drugs.
3. to find fault with: criticize, to complain about something
o It is very easy to find fault with the work of others, but more difficult to accept criticism of one's own work.
o Mrs. Johnson is always finding fault with her children, but they really try to please their mother.
4. to be up to: to be responsible for deciding; to be doing as a regular activity
The second definition is most often used in a question as a form of greeting.
o I don't care whether we go to the reception or not. It's up to you.
o Hi, George. I haven't seen you in a while. What have you been up to?
5. ill at ease: uncomfortable or worried in a situation
o Speaking in front of a large audience makes many people feel ill at ease.
o My wife and I were ill at ease because our daughter was late coming home from a date.
6. to do over: to revise, to do again (S)
A noun or pronoun must separate the two parts of this idiom.
o You'd better do the letter over because it is written so poorly.
o Jose made so many mistakes in his homework that the teacher made him do it over.
7. to look into: to investigate, to examine carefully (also: to check into)
o The police are looking into the matter of the stolen computers.
o The congressional committee will check into the financial dealings of the government contractor.
8. to take hold of: to grasp, to grip with the heads
o You should take hold of the railing as you go down those steep stairs.
o The blind man took hold of my arm as I led him across the street.
9. to get through: to finish, to complete
This idiom is followed either by the –ing form of a verb (a gerund) or by the preposition with.
o I didn't get through studying last night until almost eleven o'clock.
o At what time does your wife get through with work every day?
10. from now on: from this time into the future
o Mr. Lee's doctor told him to cut down on eating fatty foods from now
on, or else he might suffer heart disease.
o I'm sorry that I dropped by at a bad time. From now on I'll call you first.
11. to keep track of: to keep or maintain a record of; to remember the location of
o Steve keeps track of all the long-distance telephone calls related to his business that he makes from his house.
o With seven small children, how do the Wilsons keep track of all of them?
12. to be carried away: to be greatly affected by a strong feeling (S)
This idiom can also be used with get instead of be.
o Paula and Leanne were carried away by the sad movie that they saw together.
o James got carried away with anger when his roommate crashed his new car into a telephone pole.
LESSON 12
1. up to date: modern; current, timely
Hyphens (-) separate the parts of this idiom when it precedes a noun form, as in the third example. The verb to update derives from this idiom.
o The president insisted that the company bring its aging equipment up to date.
o This catalog is not up to date. It was published several years ago.
o The news program gave an up-to-date account of the nuclear accident.
The newscaster said that he would update the news report every half hour.
2. out of date: not modern; not current, not timely; no longer available in published form
Again, hyphens separate the parts of this idiom when it precedes a noun form as, in the second example. The passive verb to be outdated derives from this idiom.
o Many people buy new cars when their old cars become out of date.
o I don't know why Gene likes to wear out-of-date cloth. His clothes are so outdated that even his girlfriend hesitates to be seen with him.
o This book can't be ordered any more because it is out of date.
3. to blow up: to inflate, to fill with air (S); to explode, to destroy (or be destroyed) by explosion (S)
o Daddy, could you please blow up this balloon for me?
o When the airplane crashed into the ground, it blew up immediately.
o The military had to blow the missile up in midair when it started to go the wrong way.
4. to catch fire: to begin to burn
o Don't stand too close to the gas stove. Your clothes may catch fire.
o No one seems to know how the old building caught fire.
5. to burn down: to burn slowly, but completely (usually said of candles); to destroy completely by fire (S)
o There was a large amount of wax on the table where the candles had burned down.
o The fire spread so quickly that the firefighters could not prevent the whole block of buildings from burning down.
6. to burn up: to destroy completely by fire (S); to make angry or very annoyed (S) (also to tick off)
To burn up and to burn down (previous idiom) share the same definition but also have different definitions.
o She didn't want anyone to see the letter, so she burned it up and threw the ashes away.
o It really burns me up that he borrowed my car without asking me first.
o Mike got ticked off that his friends never offered to help him move to his new apartment. He had to do everything himself.
7. to burn out: to stop functioning because of overuse; to make tired from too muck work (S)
o This light bulb has burned out. Could you get another one?
o Studying all day for my final exams has really burned me out.
8. to make good: to succeed
o He is a hard worker, and I'm sure that he will make good in that new job.
o Alma has always made good in everything that she has done.
9. stands to reason: to be clear and logical
This idiom is almost always used with the pronoun subject it and is followed by a that clause.
o It stands to reason that a person without experience.
o It stands to reason that he isn't going to pass the course if he never studies.
10. to break out: to become widespread suddenly
o An epidemic of measles broke out in Chicago this past week.
o If a nuclear war ever breaks out, it is unlikely that many people will survive.
o The news says that a large fire has broken out in a huge chemical plant.
11. as for: regarding, concerning (also: as to)
o As for the money, we will simply have to borrow some more from the bank.
o There is no doubt as to her intelligence; she's the smartest one in the class.
12. to feel sorry for: to pity, to feel compassion for (also: to take pity on)
o Don't you feel sorry for someone who has to work the night shift?
o I helped drive Pierre around when he broke his foot because I took pity on him.
LESSON 13
1. to break down: to stop functioning
Compare this idiom with to burn out in Lesson 12. To burn out means that electrical equipment becomes hot from overuse and stops functioning. To break down means that something stops functioning mechanically, whether from overuse or not.
o I just bought my new car yesterday and already it has broken down.
o The elevator broke down, so we walked all the way up to the top floor.
2. to turn out: to become or result; to appear, to attend (also: to come out)
The noun form turnout derives from the second definition of the idiom.
o Most parents wonder how their children will turn out as adults.
o Hundreds of people came out for the demonstration against new taxes.
o What was the turnout for the public hearing on the education reforms?
3. once in a blue moon: rarely, infrequently
o Snow falls on the city of San Diego, California, once in a blue moon.
o Once in a blue moon my wife and I eat at a very expensive restaurant.
4. to give up: to stop trying, to stop a bad habit (S); to surrender (S)
o I'm sure that you can accomplish this task. Don't give up yet!
o If you give up smoking now, you can certainly live a longer life.
o The soldiers gave themselves up in the face of a stronger enemy forces.
5. to cross out: to cancel by marking with a horizontal lines (S)
o The teacher crossed out several incorrect words in Tanya's composition.
o I crossed the last line out of my letter because it had the wrong tone to it.
6. to take for granted: not to appreciate fully (S); to assume to be true without giving much thought (S)
A noun or pronoun often follows the verb take.
o John took his wife for granted until once when he was very sick and needed her constant attention for a week.
o He spoke English so well that I took it for granted he was an American.
o He took for granted that I wasn't American because I spoke English so poorly!
7. to take into account: to consider a fact while evaluating a situation (S)
Again, a noun or pronoun often follows the verb take.
o The judge took the prisoner's young age into account before sentencing him to three months in jail.
o Educators should take into account the cultural backgrounds of students when planning a school curriculum.
8. to make clear: to clarify, to explain (S)
o Please make clear that he should never act so impolitely again.
o The supervisor made it clear to the workers that they had to increase their productivity.
9. clear-cut: clearly stated, definite, apparent
o The president's message was clear-cut: the company had to reduce personnel immediately.
o Professor Larsen is well known for his interesting and clear-cut
presentations.
10.to have on: to be wearing (S)
o How do you like the hat which Grace has on today?
o When Sally came into the room, I had nothing on except my shorts.
11. to come to: to regain consciousness; to equal, to amount to
o At first they thought that the man was dead, but soon he came to.
o The bill for groceries at the supermarket came to fifty dollars.
12. to call for: to require; to request, to urge
o This cake recipe calls for some baking soda, but we don't have any.
o The member of Congress called for new laws to regulate the banking industry.
Semoga bermanfaat, @alamyin, keep share and enjoy !
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